ROVNER, Circuit Judge.
Brandy Vinson, her husband Brent, and their two minor children, C.R.V. and C.A.V., sued several law enforcement officers and two local governments for conducting an illegal search of their home and attached garage in violation of the Fourth Amendment. They also asserted a state law claim for trespass. The district court dismissed part of the complaint for failure to state a claim and granted judgment on the pleadings for the remainder. We reverse and remand.
We accept as true all the factual allegations in the complaint on review of a dismissal under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). Tellabs, Inc. v. Makor Issues & Rights, Ltd., 551 U.S. 308, 322, 127 S.Ct. 2499, 168 L.Ed.2d 179 (2007); Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics Intelligence & Coordination Unit, 507 U.S. 163, 164, 113 S.Ct. 1160, 122 L.Ed.2d 517 (1993); Bielanski v. County of Kane, 550 F.3d 632, 633 (7th Cir.2008). Brandy Vinson is the daughter of Ronald and Cindy Olson. On June 4, 2009, Detectives David Sherrick and Stuart Shaw
At approximately 3:30 p.m. on June 4, 2009, the three plainclothes officers arrived in two unmarked cars at the Vinson home and pulled into the home's driveway. The Vinsons' fourteen-year-old daughter, C.A.V., was returning to the house after checking the mailbox when the cars pulled in near the home's attached garage. C.A.V. was home with her nine-year-old brother, C.R.V., at the time and was alarmed by the appearance of three strange men in two cars. She went into the house through the back door and locked the door. She checked to make sure that her brother was inside the house and then called her mother at work to report the appearance of the men. While she was speaking to her mother, who was then in a high risk pregnancy with her third child, C.A.V. saw one of the men peering through a window into the home. C.A.V. told her mother that one of the men was looking into the house through the window. This caused both mother and daughter great distress. The man, after staring through the window, told C.A.V. that he was a police officer and said "he had to conduct a search of the house." According to the complaint, "C.A.V. complied with the officer's statement, went upstairs with her brother and watched [the three officers] out the window while they searched the garage attached to the house and curtilage of the house." The officers found nothing and left the property.
The Vinsons sued Detective Sherrick and Officers Shaw and Davis in their individual capacities; Dan Walsh, the Sheriff of Champaign County, in his individual and official capacities; Patrick Hartshorn, the Sheriff of Vermilion County, in his individual and official capacities; and Champaign and Vermilion Counties, local governmental entities. The first count of the complaint alleged a Fourth Amendment claim against Sherrick, Shaw and Davis, under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. That count also named Champaign and Vermilion Counties as parties responsible for the payment of any judgment under the Illinois Local Governmental and Governmental Employees Tort Immunity Act, 745 ILCS 10/9-102 (hereafter "Tort Immunity Act"). The second count alleged common law trespass against Sherrick, Shaw and Davis, and sought to hold Walsh and Hartshorn liable under common law respondeat superior. The trespass claim again named the Counties as parties liable for any damages under the Tort Immunity Act. The Vinsons sought compensatory damages, punitive damages and attorneys' fees.
Originally, the Vinsons joined their claims with those of the Olsons, who sued many of the same defendants for the search of the Olson property and for the subsequent prosecution of Ronald Olson. When the defendants moved to dismiss certain claims in the original complaint filed jointly by the Olsons and the Vinsons,
Within the time allotted by the district court, the Vinsons filed their separate complaint, bringing the claims we have just described. Walsh, Sherrick and Shaw then moved to dismiss the Vinsons' new complaint for failure to state a claim, under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6). In the alternative, they argued that the Vinsons' claims were now barred by the statute of limitations. The district court concluded that the Vinsons failed to state a claim under the standard set forth by the Supreme Court in Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009). The court first repeated its previous criticism that the Vinsons' claims were vague and indefinite. Noting that the new complaint added only a few insignificant details, the court found that the allegations were insufficient under Iqbal to state a claim. The court acknowledged the assertions that the officers peered through the windows and walked around the curtilage and into the back yard to look for "large items that would be readily apparent without the need to disturb small personal items." The court also noted that the officers searched the attached garage. But none of this was problematic, the court found, because C.A.V. "consented" to the officers' search. The court based this conclusion on the allegation that, after an officer told C.A.V. that he had to search the house, she "complied with the officer's statement." Turning to the dictionary definition of "comply," the court found that it meant to conform, submit or adapt as requested:
Vinson v. Champaign County, Ill., No. 12-2099 (C.D.Ill. Aug. 10, 2012), Order at 3-4. That allegation of "consent," the court held, required dismissal of the complaint under Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). The court then concluded that the common law trespass claim must be dismissed because it failed to allege wilful and wanton conduct, as required under Illinois law. Moreover, because the claim against Walsh depended on the validity of the trespass claim against Sherrick and Shaw, the court dismissed the claim against Walsh. Finally, even though Champaign County had not joined the motion to dismiss, the court concluded that dismissal of the claims against Sherrick and Shaw required dismissal of the County. The court
Davis, Hartshorn and Vermilion County then separately moved for judgment on the pleadings. The district court granted the motion. The court first noted that Hartshorn and Vermilion County were entitled to judgment because there is no respondeat superior liability for section 1983 claims, and because the plaintiffs failed to plead a Monell claim against the County.
We review de novo the district court's decisions to dismiss claims pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) and to enter judgment on the pleadings pursuant to Rule 12(c). Ball v. City of Indianapolis, 760 F.3d 636, 642-43 (7th Cir.2014). A dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) and judgment on the pleadings under Rule 12(c) both employ the same standard: the complaint must state a claim that is plausible on its face. Ball, 760 F.3d at 643; Adams v. City of Indianapolis, 742 F.3d 720, 727-28 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 135 S.Ct. 286, 190 L.Ed.2d 140 (2014). See also Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2) requires a plaintiff to set forth in the complaint "a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief." "Specific facts are not necessary; the statement need only give the defendant fair notice of what the ... claim is and the grounds upon which it rests." Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 93, 127 S.Ct. 2197, 167 L.Ed.2d 1081 (2007) (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955) (internal citations omitted). On appeal, the Vinsons argue that the complaint adequately states a Fourth Amendment claim for the warrantless search of the home's curtilage and garage by Sherrick, Shaw and Davis.
There is no dispute that the areas searched by the officers here were in fact protected by the Fourth Amendment. See Florida v. Jardines, ___ U.S. ___, 133 S.Ct. 1409, 1414, 185 L.Ed.2d 495 (2013).
Jardines, 133 S.Ct. at 1414 (quoting Oliver v. United States, 466 U.S. 170, 180, 104 S.Ct. 1735, 80 L.Ed.2d 214 (1984)). The Vinsons' attached garage and the areas immediately surrounding their home and garage fit comfortably within the scope of the Fourth Amendment's protections of the home.
Under the Fourth Amendment, "a search conducted without a warrant issued upon probable cause is `per se unreasonable... subject only to a few specifically established and well-delineated exceptions.'" Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218, 219, 93 S.Ct. 2041, 36 L.Ed.2d 854 (1973) (quoting Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 357, 88 S.Ct. 507, 19 L.Ed.2d 576 (1967)); United States v. Borostowski, 775 F.3d 851, 864, 2014 WL 7399074, *11 (7th Cir.2014). One of the exceptions to the warrant requirement is consent to search. Schneckloth, 412 U.S. at 219, 93 S.Ct. 2041 ("It is equally well settled that one of the specifically established exceptions to the requirements of both a warrant and probable cause is a search that is conducted pursuant to consent."); Davis v. United States, 328 U.S. 582, 593-94, 66 S.Ct. 1256, 90 L.Ed. 1453 (1946).
The district court interpreted the Vinsons' complaint as conceding the issue of consent to search. In general, a plaintiff may plead herself out of court when she includes in her complaint facts that establish an impenetrable defense to her claims. Independent Trust Corp. v. Stewart Info. Servs. Corp., 665 F.3d 930, 941-42 (7th Cir.2012); Hecker v. Deere & Co., 556 F.3d 575, 588 (7th Cir.2009); Tamayo v. Blagojevich, 526 F.3d 1074, 1086 (7th Cir. 2008). But there was no concession of consent here. The district court mistakenly concluded that the Vinsons had pled themselves out of court in this case when they alleged that C.A.V. "complied" with the officer's statement that he "had to" search the house. The court's conclusion that C.A.V.'s compliance constituted "consent" cannot be squared with the facts or the law.
First, the complaint did not allege that the officers asked for consent to search. It asserted that the officer, after staring at the child through a window, told C.A.V. that he "had to" search the home. This was not a request for consent; it was a statement describing what the officer was about to do. Indeed, by staring through the window into the home while standing on the home's curtilage, the officer may have overstepped the bounds of the Fourth Amendment before even issuing this statement. See Jardines, 133 S.Ct. at 1415 (noting that while law enforcement officers need not shield their eyes when passing by a home on the public thoroughfare, an officer's leave to gather information is sharply circumscribed when he steps off those thoroughfares and enters the Fourth Amendment's protected areas). That the child then went upstairs to be with her brother could not reasonably be interpreted
We pause to address some of the defendants' other arguments. On multiple occasions, the defendants protest that the officers were looking for large items, and that there was no need to disturb small personal items in order to search for these large items. The size of the items is entirely irrelevant, though, if the officers were in areas where they were not authorized to be when they conducted their search. Certainly, if the officers were standing on the public way or at the front door and the objects sought were in plain sight, there would be no unlawful search. But that is not what the plaintiffs alleged; they asserted that the officers entered areas of the home that they were not authorized to enter, including the curtilage and the inside of an attached garage. Both of these areas, as we noted earlier, are well within the protections of the Fourth Amendment. The defendants also fault the plaintiffs for not describing the window through which the officer peered when he told C.A.V. that he "had to" conduct a search. Neither Rule 8 nor Iqbal require that level of detail in a complaint. A fair reading of the complaint is that the officers approached the house not through the usual path of a visitor, e.g. by approaching the front door and knocking, but by driving up to the attached garage on the private driveway and walking through the curtilage before peering through a window. This is the kind of behavior for which the average
All that remains is the defendants' argument in the alternative that the Vinsons' separate complaint was filed outside the statute of limitations. Had the district court mistakenly dismissed the Vinsons' claims rather than severed them from those of the Olsons', that argument might have some viability. See Lee, 635 F.3d at 971. But the court severed the Vinsons' claims, and "When a federal civil action is severed, it is not dismissed. Instead, the clerk of court creates multiple docket numbers for the action already on file, and the severed claims proceed as if suits had been filed separately." Lee, 635 F.3d at 971. The defendants do not dispute that the original action was timely filed. They claim only that the Vinsons' newly filed complaint after the severance was not within the statute of limitations. But the severance simply resulted in their claims proceeding as if filed separately in the first place. The original filing date therefore applies and there is no statute of limitations problem with the Vinsons' amended complaint.
In sum, the dismissal of the Fourth Amendment claims against Sherrick, Shaw and Davis, as well as the associated state law indemnification claims against Champaign and Vermilion Counties are reversed and remanded. Because the Vinsons have proffered no argument regarding the dismissal of the trespass action, we decline to address it.
REVERSED AND REMANDED.